To help future readers find the answer: what sensor is that, and can you share the manual? Also, someone recently asked for Rubbish/Trash Can monitoring, so please share there?
And where did you find the hexadecimal encoded version? What you’re calling ASCII is not ASCII. The 4 bytes 00 00 10 34 are already shown in a hexadecimal representation. These are all the same:
- base 1, binary: 00000000 00000000 00010000 00110100
- base 8, octal: 0 0 22 64
- base 10, decimal: 0 0 16 52
- base 16, hexadecimal: 00 00 10 34
- Base64: AAAQNA==
Indeed, 30 30 30 30 31 30 33 34 is the hexadecimal representation of the ASCII characters 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 3 and 4, but it makes no sense to do that.
See Wikipedia’s Computer number format and TTN’s Working with Bytes.
Also, the manual might explain why 4 bits are used for (apparently) boolean (on/off) values, where a single bit would suffice.