Cannot see data in device dashboard, while OTAA works and uplinks show in gateway's traffic

The thing to note in that output is FCtrl, which tells you there’s 1 byte in FOpts. And that one byte in FOpts, 0x0D, is a DeviceTimeReq, which might be causing the display problems in TTN Console, like explained in the post I linked above.

You could try if the data is shown in other ways: