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  • LoRaWAN®

LoRaWAN®

    Overview

    The Things Fundamentals

  • What are LoRa and LoRaWAN?
  • LoRaWAN Architecture
  • Regional Parameters
  • LoRaWAN Relay
  • Message Types
  • Security
  • Device Classes
  • End Device Activation
  • Spreading Factors
  • Adaptive Data Rate
  • Limitations
  • Additional Information

  • Frequency Plans by Country
  • Frequency Plans
  • Duty Cycle
  • Glossary
  • Modulation & Data Rate
  • Addressing & Activation
  • Academic Research
  • Antenna Connectors
  • Antenna Types
  • dB, dBm, dBi and dBd
  • EIRP and ERP
  • Forward Error Correction and Code Rate
  • LoRa Physical Layer Packet Format
  • LoRaWAN® Concentrators
  • LoRaWAN® Transceivers
  • NetID and DevAddr Prefix Assignments
  • Preparing for The Things Certified Fundamentals
  • Regional Limitations of RF Use in LoRaWAN
  • RSSI and SNR
  • The Things Certified Security

Academic Research

A lot of research is conducted on LoRa and LoRaWAN. This page is created to better share the conducted academic research and created scientific articles.

Please help to extend this list by adding new relevant papers and articles, and by adding the right links to all sources update this file.

Title Author Journal/Proceedings Year
Modeling Communication Reliability in LoRa Networks with Device-level Accuracy V. Toro-Betancur; G. Premsankar; M. Slabicki; M. Di Francesco IEEE INFOCOM 2021
A Communication Infrastructure for the Health and Social Care Internet of Things: Proof-of-Concept Study V.Della Mea V, M.h. Popescu, D.Gonano, T.Petaros, I.Emili, M.G.Fattori JMIR Medical Informatics 2020
A comparative study of LPWAN technologies for large-scale IoT deployment K.Mekki, E.Bajic, F.Chaxel, F.Meyer ICT Express 2019
City Scale Particulate Matter Monitoring Using LoRaWAN Based Air Quality IoT Devices S.J.Johnston, P.J.Basford, F.M.Bulot, M.Apetroaie-Cristea, N.H.Easton, C.Davenport C, et al Sensors (Basel) 2019
Tracking and Monitoring System Based on LoRa Technology for Lightweight Boats Sanchez-Iborra R, G. Liaño I, Simoes C, Couñago E, Skarmeta A Electronics 2019
Characterization of LoRa Point-to-Point Path-Loss: Measurement Campaigns and Modeling Considering Censored Data G. Callebaut, and L. van der Perre IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2019
Cross-layer framework and optimization for efficient use of the energy budget of IoT Nodes G. Callebaut, G. Ottoy and L. van der Perre IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), Marrakesh, Morocco, 2019, pp. 1-6 2019
A Deployable LPWAN Platform for Low-Cost and Energy-Constrained IoT Applications B. Thoen, G. Callebaut, G. Luus and S. Wielandt Sensors - Internet of Things and Ubiquitous Sensing 2019
Collision Resolution Protocol for Delay and Energy Efficient LoRa Networks N. El Rachkidy, A. Guitton and M. Kaneko IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking 2019
A Survey on LoRa Networking: Research Problems, Current Solutions and Open Issues Jothi Prasanna Shanmuga Sundaram, Wan Du, Zhiwei Zhao IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials 2019
On the LoRa Modulation for IoT: Waveform Properties and Spectral Analysis M. Chiani and A. Elzanaty IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2019
LoRaWAN Network: Radio Propagation Models and Performance Evaluation in Various Environments in Lebanon R. El Chall, S. Lahoud, M. El Helou IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2019
IoT agriculture system based on LoRaWAN D.Davcev, K.Mitreski, S.Trajkovic, V.Nikolovski, N.Koteli IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS) 2018
A Community-Based IoT Personalized Wireless Healthcare Solution Trial Catherwood PA, Steele D, Little M, Mccomb S, Mclaughlin J IEEE Journal of Translational Engineering in Health and Medicine 2018
Emerging Distributed Programming Paradigm for Cyber-Physical Systems Over LoRaWANs D. Pianini, A. Elzanaty, A. Giorgetti, M. Chiani 2018 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps) 2018
How Agile is the Adaptive Data Rate Mechanism of LoRaWAN? S. Li, U. Raza, A. Khan IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM) 2018
Analysis and Performance Optimization of LoRa Networks With Time and Antenna Diversity A. Hoeller-Jr, R.D. Souza, O.L. Alcaraz-López, H. Alves, M. Noronha-Neto, G. Brante IEEE ACCESS Journal 2018
Exploiting Time Diversity of LoRa Networks Through Optimum Message Replication A. Hoeller-Jr, R.D. Souza, O.L. Alcaraz-López, H. Alves, M. Noronha-Neto, G. Brante 15th International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems (ISWCS) 2018
Analysis and assessment of LoRaWAN Kieu-Ha Phung , Hieu Tran , Quan Nguyen , Truong Thu Huong , Thanh-Long Nguyen 2nd International Conference on Recent Advances in Signal Processing, Telecommunications & Computing (SigTelCom) 2018
Throughput, coverage and scalability of LoRa LPWAN for Internet of Things A. M. Yousuf, E. M. Rochester, B. Ousat and M. Ghaderi Proc. IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Quality of Service (IWQoS) 2018
A low-cost LoRaWAN testbed for IoT: Implementation and measurements A. M. Yousuf, E. M. Rochester and M. Ghaderi. Proc. IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT), pp. 361-366 2018
Integration of LoRaWAN and 4G/5G for the Industrial Internet of Things Navarro-Ortiz, J., Sendra, S., Ameigeiras, P., Lopez-Soler, J.M. IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 56(2), pp. 60-67 2018
A Fair Adaptive Data Rate Algorithm for LoRaWAN Abdelfadeel, K.Q., Cionca, V. and Pesch, D. arXiv preprint arXiv:1801.00522 2018
Resource Efficiency in Low-Power Wide-Area Networks for IoT Applications Z. Qin and J. McCann. IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), pp. 1-7. 2017
LoRaWAN as an e-health communication technology Buyukakkaslar MT, Erturk MA, Aydin MA, Vollero L. IEEE 41st Annual Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC) 2017
IoT-based health monitoring via LoRaWAN Mdhaffar A, Chaari T, Larbi K, Jmaiel M, Freisleben B IEEE EUROCON 2017 -17th International Conference on Smart Technologies 2017
Analysis of the use of LoRaWan technology in a large-scale smart city demonstrator M.Loriot, A.Aljer and I.Shahrour IEEE Conf. Sensors Networks Smart and Emerging Technologies (SENSET) 2017
Modelling and analysis of low-power wide-area networks Z. Qin, y. Liu, G. Y. Li, and J. McCann. IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), pp. 1-7. 2017
Understanding the Limits of LoRaWAN Adelantado, F., Vilajosana, X., Tuset-Peiro, P., Martinez, B., Melia-Segui, J. and Watteyne, T. IEEE Communications Magazine Vol. 55(9), pp. 34-40 2017
LoRa protocol performance assessment in critical noise conditions Angrisani, L., Arpaia, P., Bonavolontà, F., Conti, M. and Liccardo, A. Research and Technologies for Society and Industry (RTSI), 2017 IEEE 3rd International Forum on, pp. 1-5 2017
Mathematical model of LoRaWAN channel access Bankov, D., Khorov, E. and Lyakhov, A. A World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM), 2017 IEEE 18th International Symposium on, pp. 1-3 2017
LoRaWAN in the wild: Measurements from the things network Blenn, N. and Kuipers, F. arXiv preprint arXiv:1706.03086 2017
LoRa transmission parameter selection Bor, M. and Roedig, U. Proceedings of the 13th IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems (DCOSS), Ottawa, ON, Canada, pp. 5-7 2017
Modeling the Energy Performance of LoRaWAN Casals, L., Mir, B., Vidal, R. and Gomez, C. Sensors 2017
An Experimental Evaluation of the Reliability of LoRa Long-Range Low-Power Wireless Communication Cattani, M., Boano, C.A. and Römer, K. Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks Vol. 6(2), pp. 7 2017
Empowering Low-Power Wide Area Networks in Urban Settings Eletreby, R., Zhang, D., Kumar, S. and Yağan, O. Proceedings of the Conference of the ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication, pp. 309-321 2017
Low power wide area network analysis: Can LoRa scale? Georgiou, O. and Raza, U. IEEE Wireless Communications Letters Vol. 6(2), pp. 162-165 2017
Effects of Shadowing on LoRa LPWAN Radio Links Habaebi, M.H., Chowdhury, I.J., Islam, M.R. and Zainal, N.A.B. International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol. 7(6), pp. 2970-2976 2017
Proposal of Adaptive Data Rate Algorithm for LoRaWAN-Based Infrastructure Hauser, V. and Hégr, T. Future Internet of Things and Cloud (FiCloud), 2017 IEEE 5th International Conference on, pp. 85-90 2017
LoRa indoor coverage and performance in an industrial environment: Case study Haxhibeqiri, J., Karaağaç, A., Van den Abeele, F., Joseph, W., Moerman, I. and Hoebeke, J. IEEE ETFA2017, the 22nd IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies And Factory Automation, pp. 1-8 2017
LoRa scalability: A simulation model based on interference measurements Haxhibeqiri, J., Van den Abeele, F., Moerman, I. and Hoebeke, J. Sensors Vol. 17(6), pp. 1193 2017
LoRa from the city to the mountains: Exploration of hardware and environmental factors Iova, O., Murphy, A., Picco, G.P., Ghiro, L., Molteni, D., Ossi, F. and Cagnacci, F. Proceedings of the 2017 International Conference on Embedded Wireless Systems and Networks 2017
Internet of Things and LoRa™ Low-Power Wide-Area Networks: A survey Lavric, A. and Popa, V. Signals, Circuits and Systems (ISSCS), 2017 International Symposium on, pp. 1-5 2017
DaRe: Data recovery through application layer coding for LoRaWAN Marcelis, P.J., Rao, V.S. and Prasad, R.V. Internet-of-Things Design and Implementation (IoTDI), 2017 IEEE/ACM Second International Conference on, pp. 97-108 2017
On LoRaWAN scalability: Empirical evaluation of susceptibility to inter-network interference Mikhaylov, K., Petäjäjärvi, J. and Janhunen, J. Networks and Communications (EuCNC), 2017 European Conference on, pp. 1-6 2017
Performance of a low-power wide-area network based on LoRa technology: Doppler robustness, scalability, and coverage Petäjäjärvi, J., Mikhaylov, K., Pettissalo, M., Janhunen, J. and Iinatti, J. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks Vol. 13(3), pp. 1550147717699412 2017
Does bidirectional traffic do more harm than good in LoRaWAN based LPWA networks? Pop, A.-I., Raza, U., Kulkarni, P. and Sooriyabandara, M. arXiv preprint arXiv:1704.04174 2017
Power and spreading factor control in low power wide area networks Reynders, B., Meert, W. and Pollin, S. Communications (ICC), 2017 IEEE International Conference on, pp. 1-6 2017
uLoRa: Ultra Low-Power, Low-Cost and Open Platform for the LoRa Networks Sallouha, H., Van den Bergh, B., Wang, Q. and Pollin, S. Proceedings of the 4th ACM Workshop on Hot Topics in Wireless, pp. 43-47 2017
Comparison of LoRaWAN classes and their power consumption San Cheong, P., Bergs, J., Hawinkel, C. and Famaey, J. Communications and Vehicular Technology (SCVT), 2017 IEEE Symposium on, pp. 1-6 2017
A survey on LPWA technology: LoRa and NB-IoT Sinha, R.S., Wei, Y. and Hwang, S.-H. ICT Express Vol. 3(1), pp. 14-21 2017
Analysis of Latency and MAC-layer Performance for Class A LoRaWAN Sørensen, R.B., Kim, D.M., Nielsen, J.J. and Popovski, P. IEEE Wireless Communications Letters Vol. 6(5), pp. 566-569 2017
LoRa backscatter: Enabling the vision of ubiquitous connectivity Talla, V., Hessar, M., Kellogg, B., Najafi, A., Smith, J.R. and Gollakota, S. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies Vol. 1(3), pp. 105 2017
Scalability analysis of large-scale LoRaWAN networks in ns-3 Van den Abeele, F., Haxhibeqiri, J., Moerman, I. and Hoebeke, J. IEEE Internet of Things Journal Vol. 4(6), pp. 2186-2198 2017
Capacity limits of LoRaWAN technology for smart metering applications Varsier, N. and Schwoerer, J. Communications (ICC), 2017 IEEE International Conference on, pp. 1-6 2017
Interference impact on coverage and capacity for low power wide area IoT networks Vejlgaard, B., Lauridsen, M., Nguyen, H., Kovács, I.Z., Mogensen, P. and Sorensen, M. Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), 2017 IEEE, pp. 1-6 2017
Range and coexistence analysis of long range unlicensed communication Reynders, B., Meert, W. and Pollin, S. Telecommunications (ICT), 2016 23rd International Conference on, pp. 1-6 2016
Comparison of 6LoWPAN and LPWAN for the Internet of Things Al-Kashoash, H. and Kemp, A.H. Australian Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Vol. 13(4), pp. 268-274 2016
Mitigating inter-network interference in lora networks Voigt, T., Bor, M., Roedig, U. and Alonso, J. arXiv preprint arXiv:1611.00688 2016
Evaluation of LoRa and LoRaWAN for wireless sensor networks Wixted, A.J., Kinnaird, P., Larijani, H., Tait, A., Ahmadinia, A. and Strachan, N. Sensors, 2016 IEEE, pp. 1-3 2016
A study of LoRa: Long range & low power networks for the internet of things Augustin, A., Yi, J., Clausen, T. and Townsley, W.M. Sensors Vol. 16(9), pp. 1466 2016
On the limits of LoRaWAN channel access Bankov, D., Khorov, E. and Lyakhov, A. Engineering and Telecommunication (EnT), 2016 International Conference on, pp. 10-14 2016
LoRa for the Internet of Things Bor, M., Vidler, J.E. and Roedig, U. Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Embedded Wireless Systems and Networks 2016
Do LoRa low-power wide-area networks scale? Bor, M.C., Roedig, U., Voigt, T. and Alonso, J.M. Proceedings of the 19th ACM International Conference on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems, pp. 59-67 2016
Long-range communications in unlicensed bands: The rising stars in the IoT and smart city scenarios Centenaro, M., Vangelista, L., Zanella, A. and Zorzi, M. IEEE Wireless Communications Vol. 23(5), pp. 60-67 2016
Indoor signal propagation of LoRa technology Gregora, L., Vojtech, L. and Neruda, M. Mechatronics-Mechatronika (ME), 2016 17th International Conference on, pp. 1-4 2016
Experimental evaluation of LoRa(WAN) in indoor and outdoor environments Hakkenberg, C. University of Twente 2016
Decoding LoRa: Realizing a modern LPWAN with SDR Knight, M. and Seeber, B. Vol. 1(1)Proceedings of the GNU Radio Conference 2016
Analysis of capacity and scalability of the LoRa low power wide area network technology Mikhaylov, K., Petaejaejaervi, J. and Haenninen, T. European Wireless 2016; 22th European Wireless Conference; Proceedings of, pp. 1-6 2016
Indoor deployment of low-power wide area networks (LPWAN): A LoRaWAN case study Neumann, P., Montavont, J. and Noël, T. Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications (WiMob), 2016 IEEE 12th International Conference on, pp. 1-8 2016
Vibrations powered LoRa sensor: An electromechanical energy harvester working on a real bridge Orfei, F Department of Physics and Geology, Università degli Studi di Perugia 2016
Evaluation of LoRa LPWAN technology for remote health and wellbeing monitoring Petäjäjärvi, J., Mikhaylov, K., Hämäläinen, M. and Iinatti, J. Medical Information and Communication Technology (ISMICT), 2016 10th International Symposium on, pp. 1-5 2016
On the coverage of LPWANs: range evaluation and channel attenuation model for LoRa technology Petajajarvi, J., Mikhaylov, K., Roivainen, A., Hanninen, T. and Pettissalo, M. ITS Telecommunications (ITST), 2015 14th International Conference on, pp. 55-59 2015
Long-range IoT technologies: The dawn of LoRa™ Vangelista, L., Zanella, A. and Zorzi, M. Future Access Enablers of Ubiquitous and Intelligent Infrastructures, pp. 51-58 2015
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